Bible dictionary
The words translation softens — and what they said in the original.
Nephilim
נְפִילִיםThe “fallen ones” — giants born from the union between the sons of God and the daughters of men.
Watchers
עִירִיןAngels charged with observing humankind, who abandoned their post.
Sheol
שְׁאוֹלThe dwelling of the dead in Hebrew thought — neither heaven nor hell.
Gehenna
גֵּי־הִנֹּםThe valley south of Jerusalem that became an image of the final judgement.
Apocryphal
ἀπόκρυφος“Hidden” — an ancient book not included in the official canon.
Pseudepigrapha
ψευδεπίγραφοςA work attributed to an ancient author who did not write it.
Canon
κανώνThe “measuring rod”: the list of books a tradition accepts as Scripture.
Septuagint
LXXThe Greek translation of the Old Testament made in Alexandria.
Peshitta
ܦܫܝܛܬܐThe Syriac Bible, “the simple one”.
Codex
codexA book of sewn pages — the technology that replaced the scroll.
Ruach
רוּחַBreath, wind, spirit — all three at once.
Shalom
שָׁלוֹםPeace as wholeness — not merely the absence of war.
Elohim
אֱלֹהִיםThe generic name of God, grammatically plural.
YHWH
יהוהThe proper Name of God, revealed to Moses at the burning bush.
Messiah
מָשִׁיחַ“Anointed one” — the same word that, in Greek, became Christ.
Amen
אָמֵן“It is firm, it is trustworthy” — I stand by this.
Cherubim
כְּרוּבWinged beings who guard what is holy.
Seraphim
שְׂרָפִים“The burning ones” — those who blaze before the throne.
Covenant
בְּרִיתA solemn pact creating a permanent bond between two parties.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The library of Qumran, hidden in caves for two thousand years.