Tsedaqah

Righteousness as right relationship — and, in later Judaism, as almsgiving.

Tsedaqah is not the blindfolded goddess weighing guilt: it is being in right relationship with God and neighbour, which inseparably includes caring for the orphan, the widow and the stranger. That social weight is so strong that in rabbinic Hebrew the word came to mean simply giving to the poor. Without this, “justification” in Paul becomes a courtroom concept and loses half its meaning.